Structure, bonding and dynamcs under extreme conditions

Structure, Bonding, and Mineralogy of Carbon at Extreme Conditions

Optical Metrology under Extreme Conditions

Optical metrology provides full field, noncontact, precise measurement of various physical parameters of materials, structures, and devices. These properties include kinematic parameters (displacement, velocity, and acceleration), deformation parameters (strains, curvature, and twist), surface parameters (shape and roughness), and mechanical properties of materials (Young’s modulus, Poisson’s r...

Risk of Extreme Events Under Nonstationary Conditions

The concept of the return period is widely used in the analysis of the risk of extreme events and in engineering design. For example, a levee can be designed to protect against the 100-year flood, the flood which on average occurs once in 100 years. Use of the return period typically assumes that the probability of occurrence of an extreme event in the current or any future year is the same. Ho...

Dynamic ionization of water under extreme conditions.

Raman spectroscopy in a laser heated diamond anvil cell and first principles molecular dynamics simulations have been used to study water in the temperature range 300 to 1500 K and at pressures to 56 GPa. We find a substantial decrease in the intensity of the O-H stretch mode in the liquid phase with pressure, and a change in slope of the melting line at 47 GPa and 1000 K. Consistent with these...

Host-parasite interactions under extreme climatic conditions

The effect that climatic changes can exert on parasitic interactions represents a multifactor problem whose results are difficult to predict. The actual impact of changes will depend on their magnitude and the physiological tolerance of affected organisms. When the change is considered extreme (i.e. unusual weather events that are at the extremes of the historical distribution for a given area)...